Nigeria setting the stagethe berlin conference of 1884 85 was a european conference. Swedennorway at the berlin conference 188485 the scramble for africa from a nordic perspective. I know there was a meeting in 1884 1885 which representatives of european nations agreed upon rules for colonizing of africa, but i would like to know more explaining about it all. Africa was officially divided amongst the european countries. Berlin west africa conference european history britannica. The countries represented at the time included austriahungary, belgium, denmark, france, germany, great britain, italy, the netherlands, portugal, russia, spain, swedennorway unified from 1814 to 1905, turkey, and. The berlin conference of 1884 85 was held to ease tensions in europe over colonial claims in africa. This conference was called by german chancellor bismarck to settle how european countries would claim colonial land in africa and to avoid a war among european.
Explain the purpose and results of the berlin conference. Although africa is physically remote from the power centers of europe, north america, and asia, it is surrounded. The berlin conference of 188485, also known as the congo conference german. The scramble for africa had commenced in earnest by the latter half of the nineteenth century, intensifying competition between european states and commercial interests intent on staking their claims to africa. The berlin conference of 1884, which regulated european colonisation and trade in africa, is usually referred to as the ultimate point of the scramble for africa. The berlin conference of 1884 1885 formally regulated european colonial efforts in the scramble for africa and basically overrode the autonomy and selfgovernance of african peoples. Italy, spain, portugal, netherlands, belgium, swedennorway. The conference met during the scramble for africa, a time with more colonial activity by european powers.
It also made nations even more angry because they felt like they didnt get a fair. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. What was the main goal of european countries when they divided africa. Berlin congress of 1878 article about berlin congress of. Consequences of the 18845 berlin conference zebrambizi. Ppt the berlin conference powerpoint presentation free to view id. By 1914, africa had been completely divided into 50 countries among the conference participants. The berlin conference of 1884 85, also known as the congo conference german. The berlin conference can be best understood as the formalisation of the scramble for africa. In carving up the continent, the european countries.
Berlin conference 1884 presentation by ariel jones tpt. Berlin conference of 1884 85 an international conference that was a phase in the struggle between the capitalist states for the division of africa. By the time independence returned to africa in 1950, the realm had acquired a legacy of political fragmentation that could neither be eliminated nor made to operate. May 21, 2015 revision notes on the imperialism taking place during 18711919 with the scramble for africa and berlin conference of 1884. This british coined the term sometime in 1884, and it has since been used to describe the twentyplus years when the various european powers explored, divided, conquered and began to exploit virtually the entire african continent. The berlin conference 1884 meeting of european powers to carve out spheres of influence in africa the berlin conference 1884 why the desire to have influence in africa. Austriahungary, belgium, denmark, france, the united kingdom, italy, russia, spain, the netherlands, portugal, swedennorway, the ottoman empire, and the united states. This presentation accompanies the berlin conference group activity. Stanley took part as a technical consultant for the american delegation, but had little influence. The berlin conference was attended by representatives of austriahungary, belgium, great britain, germany, denmark, spain, italy, the. They agreed that any european country could claim land in africa by noti. Portuguese first established coastal trading stations in the 1400s. The congress of berlin june july 1878 was a meeting of the representatives of the eras six great powers in europe russia, great britain, france, austriahungary, italy and germany, the ottoman empire and four balkan states greece, serbia, romania and montenegro.
The berlin conference 1884 5 the berlin conference was africas undoing in more ways than one. And, although black south africans participated in it, the boer war was largely a european war. European leaders met in berlin, germany in order to avoid problems among each other. The countries represented at the time included austriahungary, belgium, denmark, france, germany, great britain, italy, the netherlands, portugal, russia, spain, swedennorway unified from 1814 to 1905, turkey, and the united states of america. To prevent conflict, 14 european nations met at the berlin conferencein 1884 85 to lay down rules for the division of africa. It ended most existing forms of african autonomy and self. By the time of the berlin conference in 1884, european activity in africa was limited to around 20% of the continent. How did the berlin conference of 1884 affect africa. Berlin, germany, from november 1884 to february 1885 and included representatives from the united states and such european nations as britain, france, and germany. The berlin conference was a meeting of 14 nations to discuss territorial disputes in africa. A summary and significance of the berlin conference of 188485.
The berlin conference of 188485and the partition of africa. Some light accompany the slides to teachers to use. Europeans argued and fought among themselves over the lands of africa. The berlin conference or congo conference of 1884 85 made rules for european colonization and trade in africa. Berlin conference the general act dual character of the general act implications consequences bibliography. Berlin conference divides africathe competition was so fierce that european countries feared war among themselves.
The colonial powers superimposed their domains on the african continent. Macharia munene accepted december 15 1989 abstract this paper hopes to help to increase the understanding of american historical involvement in african affairs by focusing on the 1884 85 berlin conference on africa. The berlin conference south african history online. The berlin conference in 1884 85 established the rules among european powers for carving up africa b. Ppt the berlin conference powerpoint presentation free. Ch 1 worksheet 1the berlin conference 1884 the berlin conference because of its size, surface features, climate, resources, and strategic importance, africa became a prime candidate for conquest by ambitious european empires. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. The berlin conference of 1884 1885, also known as the congo conference german.
The conference ended on february 26, 1885, with the signing of the general act of the berlin conference also called the congo act by representatives of the countries. The african continent was randomly divided in about fifty countries. Ppt the berlin conference 1884 powerpoint presentation. The berlin conference of 1884 the berlin conference of 1884 1885 established rules for the conquest of africa. Berlin conference 188485, concerning the scramble for africa. During the 1870s and early 1880s european nations such as great britain, france, and germany began looking to africa for natural resources for their growing industrial sectors as well as a potential market for the. A political cartoon illustrating the way africa was carved up at the berlin conference the berlin conference was held in berlin, germany, from november 15, 1884, to february 26, 1885. As countries scrambled to establish colonies on the continent, the heads of state wanted to head off any potential conflicts between them over territory. Find an answer to your question what occurred at the berlin conference of 1884. The berlin africa conference 18841885 and the onset of partition 0th edition by german historical institute in london author, stig forster editor, wolfgang j. Most serious european clashes occurred in the strategic positions of africa e. Consequent to the political and economic rivalries among the european empires in the last quarter of the 19th century, the partitioning, or splitting up of africa was how the.
Which european country gained the most land in africa. Africas vast mineral resources europeans were competing with each other the berlin conference 1884 the representatives at the conference literally drew, erased. This forced apart people coming from a same background and belief system, whereas, in some cases, it compelled people from different school of thoughts to. The berlin conference 1884 meeting of european powers to carve out spheres of influence in africa the berlin conference 1884 why the desire to have. What were the outcomes of the berlin conference in 1884 and. The french and british, for example, almost came to blows on the niger river. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Here is a look at the significance of the berlin conference of 188485. The centennial of the west african conference of berlin, 1884. Congo as a state is a colonial construct, its boundaries. It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the balkan peninsula after the russoturkish war of. Berlin conference of 18841885 meeting at which the major european powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in africa. Jun 30, 2019 fourteen countries were represented by a plethora of ambassadors when the conference opened in berlin on november 15, 1884.
The consequences of the berlin west africa conference of 1884 5 are still with us today. Scramble for africa 18851914 powerful european nations began claiming lands in africa. The broad purpose of the conference was to create a freetrade region in the congo basin and neighboring areas, in the belief that such a. Although africa is physically remote from the power centers of europe, north america, and asia, it is surrounded by water and can therefore be reached. However in 18845 the scramble for africa had truly began in earnest when thirteen european countries and the united states met in berlin to.
Media in category berlin conference 1884 the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. The berlin conference the berlin conference 18841885. A hundred years ago at the conference of berlin, european men began the process of dividing up africa into colonial possessions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Alina ko contribution to war results of the berlin conference even though the berlin conference had set rules and divided africa among the nations, conflict still arose. A keith, the belgian congo and the berlin act clarendon press, 1919. Berlin conference 1945, an older alternative name for the potsdam conference. The berlin conference was a series of meetings held in 1884 and 1885 with the goal of dividing the continent of africa between the european powers. This interactive powerpoint is themed to the film avatar and provides a brief. Imperialism domination of another countryregion economically, politically, and socially colony territory that a foreign power rules directly direct officials protectorate territory with own gov. Congress of berlin 1878, concerning the aftermath of the russoturkish war and the political future of the balkans.
This conference of the then great european powers including. The berlin conference of 1884 1885 marked the climax of the european competition for territory in africa, a process commonly known as the scramble for africa. The berlin conference of 188485and the partition of africa the european rivalry for colonies in africa had reached an alarming situation by 1884. A summary and significance of the berlin conference of 1884. Despite most african countries having regained their independence by the late 1950s, the borders drawn by the european powers have caused political conflict and turmoil that. By the mid1800s, europeans seek africas rich natural resources need raw materials for industrial economies, markets to sell goods berlin conference 1884 85 sets rules for dividing up africa amongst powerful european nations. What did european countries fail to consider when making artificial political boundaries in africa. The conference will begin november 15, 1884, for the purpose. Typical of the emotion engendered is this passage from the british journal, new statesman, for january 27, 1984. No international law governed the delegates or proceedings of the berlin conference.
Read, download and publish berlin conference magazines. They came to an agreement that european powers could not claim a territory unless it set up a. Kongokonferenz or west africa conference westafrikakonferenz, regulated european colonization and trade in africa during the new imperialism period and coincided with germanys sudden emergence as an imperial power. Source, history of the world textbook published in 1897. Berlin conference video at the berlin conference, european powers recognized leopolds private claims to the congo free state, but called for free trade on the congo and niger rivers. European powers agreed that in order to claim a territory, each country had to.
Berlin west africa conference, a series of negotiations nov. What were the causes of the berlin conference of 1884. E fitzmaurice, the life of granville george leveson gower, vol. Berlin congress of 1878 from june 1 to july 1, an international congress called to revise the conditions of the san stefano peace treaty of 1878, which had ended the. During the 1870s and early 1880s european nations such as great britain, france, and germany began looking to africa for natural resources for their growing industrial sectors as well as a potential market for the goods these factories. The conference, proposed by portugal in pursuance of its special claim to control. Fourteen countries were represented by a plethora of ambassadors when the conference opened in berlin on november 15, 1884. The berlin conference as european explorers raced to post flags, stake outposts, and make treaties with local chiefs, the scramble for africa increased tension amongst the imperialist powers. Africa after the cold war, a conversation with dr adekeye adebajo duration. The berlin conference took place at a time when european powers were rushing to establish direct political control in africa.
Berlin conference to divide africa between the european powers. Aug 09, 2007 the consequences of the berlin west africa conference of 1884 5 are still with us today. Berlin conference berlin conference text general act of. Start studying chapter 29 the sixteenth trough twentieth century. After the great shake up induced by the napoleonic adventures into the international trading continental system, europe was reorganised in vienna and they setup a concert of europe to solve pacifically the worlds affairs a pre version of th. Berlin conference 1884 1885 set up the rules for the colonization of africa. Powerpoint presentation and poster templates graduate school.
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